ʻO ka membrane ceramic flat kahi mea kānana pololei i hana ʻia me ka alumina, zirconia, titanium oxide a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wela kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka papa kākoʻo, ka papa hoʻololi a me ka papa hoʻokaʻawale he hale porous a puʻunaue ʻia i ka asymmetry gradient.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā membrane ceramic flat i nā kaʻina hana no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻike, sterilization, desalination, etc.